Dosage and administration
Do not administer an Atracurium ampoule before unconsciousness has been induced to avoid distress to the patient. Do not mix Atracurium Besylate in the same syringe, or administer it simultaneously through the same needle, with alkaline solutions, e.g., barbiturate solutions. Administer Atracurium Besylate intravenously. Do not give Atracurium through intramuscular administration because such administration of the medicine may result in tissue irritation. The use of a peripheral nerve stimulator would facilitate Atracurium with other neuromuscular blocking agents, minimizing the possibility of an overdose and assisting in the evaluation of recovery.
The general dosage for adults
A dose of Atracurium infusion of 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg is the initial recommended dose for most patients. Good conditions for non-emergency intubation can be expected in 2-2.5 minutes in most patients with this dose, with maximum neuromuscular block achieved approximately 3-5 minutes after injecting the medicine. Underbalanced anaesthesia, clinically required neuromuscular block generally lasts 20 to 35.
Atracurium Besylate is intensified by isoflurane or enflurane anaesthesia. The same initial dose of the medicine may use 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg for intubation before administering these inhalation agents. However, if Atracurium is first administered under the steady-state of isoflurane or enflurane, reduce the initial dose of Atracurium besilate by approximately one third, i.e., to 0.25-0.35 mg/kg. With halothane, which has only a marginal potentiating effect on the medicine, consider the smaller dosage reductions.
Recommended doses of the medicine are 0.08 to 0.10 mg for maintenance of neuromuscular block during prolonged surgeries. Generally, the first maintenance dose required is 20 to 45 minutes after the initial Atracurium infusion, but clinical criteria should determine the need for maintenance doses.
The general dosage for children
There is no requirement for adjustments of doses of Atracurium Besylate pediatric patients two years of age or older. A dose of 0.3-0.4 mg/kg is recommended as the initial dose for infants under halothane anaesthesia. In infants and children than in adults. Maintenance doses might be required with slightly greater frequency.
Dosage In special cases
An initial dose of the medicine of 0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg is recommended for adults, adolescents, children with significant cardiovascular disease. And adults, adolescents, children with any history (e.g. asthma), suggesting a greater risk of histamine release, give it slowly or in divided doses for 1 minute.
Overdosage
If an overdose happens, the doctor will monitor the patient for symptoms or worsening signs. One can minimize the chances of an overdose by carefully monitoring muscle twitch response to peripheral nerve stimulation. Excessive doses of the medicine can be expected to produce enhanced effects.
Atracurium mechanism of action
The salt Atracurium Besylate is a nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant. Such nondepolarizing agents oppose the neurotransmitter action of acetylcholine by binding competitively with cholinergic receptor sites on the motor end plate. The antagonism is inhibited, and the neuromuscular block is reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like neostigmine, pyridostigmine and edrophonium.
Atracurium can be used if muscle twitch response to peripheral nerve stimulation is monitored to assess the degree of relaxation of the muscle.
The duration of neuromuscular block produced by this medicine is approx one-third to one-half of the block by d-tubocurarine, metocurine, and pancuronium at initially equal doses. As with other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers, the onset of paralysis decreases and the duration of maximum effect increases with increasing atracurium doses.
Precautions
Before Atracurium infusion, ask the patient about any medical history or anaphylactic reactions. Moreover, the healthcare professionals should acknowledge the patient about the after-effects of having Atracurium infusion.
Although Atracurium is a less potent histamine releaser than d-tubocurarine or metocurine, one must consider the possibility of substantial histamine release in sensitive individuals.
One should take necessary precautions while administering Atracurium to patients in whom substantial histamine release will be especially hazardous, e.g., patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease. And patients with any history like severe anaphylactoid reactions suggesting a greater risk of histamine release. In such patients, the initial recommended dose is lower (0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg) than other patients. It should be administered slowly or in divided doses over one minute.
Side effects of Atracurium
The common side effects of Atracurium Besylate are allergic reactions, itching, low blood pressure, skin redness, reactions at the injection site, etc. Medicine's severe side effects are Severe anaphylactic reactions, paralysis, respiratory arrest, etc.
Price of Atracurium in India
Atracurium price offered by innovators or manufacturers is high as compared to the price offered by suppliers. In India, rare medicines like these are readily available and are cheap. Ikris Pharma Network is one such certified supplier in India delivering medicines and services in India and abroad.
